Swine Flu or Pig Flu

PIG DISEASE AND FLU TREATMENT
A.WHAT IS PIG AVIAN DISEASE ?
Swine flu (UK: Swine influenza) is a respiratory disease that infects pigs. Swine flu is caused by a virus Orthomyxoviridae which is endemic in swine populations. Swine influenza virus strains which have been isolated to date have been classified as C or subtype of the genus Influenzavirus Influenzavirus A.
Swine flu caused by a virus known subtypes of influenza A H1N1, H1N2, H3N1, H3N2, and H2N3. In the United States, only the H1N1 subtype prevalent in swine populations before 1998. But since late Agusuts 1998, subtype H3N2 has been isolated also from pigs. World Health Organization, WHO, confirmed that at least some cases are type A influenza H1N1 version that never existed before. Here is a picture of swine influenza virus:

Pigs can accommodate a flu virus that originated from humans or birds, allowing the virus to exchange genes and create a pandemic strain. Because the virus is new, there is no scientific evidence about the age, origin and survival rates. The important note is that this virus is able to attack all age and location. Next image creation pandemic strain:

Outbreaks of the disease in pigs routinely occurs with a high level but rare cases be fatal. These diseases tend to be prevalent in spring and winter but the cycle is year round. There are many types of flu and flu-like symptoms in humans this disease is constantly changing.
Swine flu infecting humans each year and are usually found in people who come into contact with pigs, although it was also found cases of transmission from human to human. Human transmission of swine flu in humans is expected to spread like seasonal flu - through coughing and sneezing. In the present outbreak occurred is not clear whether the disease was transmitted from human to human. Notes on cases of human to human transmission is also very rare.
WHO warns flu cases in Mexico and the United States has the potential to cause a global pandemic and affirm this situation seriously. However, the WHO said it was too early to assess the situation accurately. Currently, the WHO says the world is almost close to a pandemic flu situation compared to the years since 1968 - the threat level is 3 on the scale 6. No one knows the full impact of pandemic disease, but experts warn the death toll could reach millions of people around the world. Spanish flu pandemic, which began in 1819 and is also caused by the H1N1 virus, killing millions of people.
B. PIG FLU DISCOVERY
On February 5, 1976, soldiers at Fort Dix, the United States declared himself exhausted and weak, then died the next day. The doctor stated that his death was caused by a swine flu virus as occurred in 1918. On August 20, 2007, this virus infects a resident on the island of Luzon, Philippines.
C. Name change
The naming of this disease is considered wrong by many people, because society has made the wrong idea - that pigs can transmit the disease to humans. To that end, the World Health Organization (WHO) has changed the name of this illness with influenza A (H1N1) from 30 April 2009.
D. SYMPTOMS OR CHARACTERISTICS OF PIG FLU
1. The main symptoms of swine flu
The main symptoms are sudden high fever of 38 ° C or more and a cough.
2. Other symptoms
• Headache,
• fatigue,
• body chills,
• soreness,
• pain in the bones and joints,
• diarrhea and digestive problems,
• sore throat,
• runny nose,
• sneezing,
• loss of appetite, and
• vomiting
3. Other symptoms in children
• panting breath or difficulty breathing
• skin becomes gray or blue
• lazy drinking
• vomiting
• can not wake up or not interaction
• sometimes do not want to be touched
• flu-like symptoms sometimes disappear but it appears a fever and cough

4. Group of people at high risk
• people with:
- Chronic lung disease,
- Chronic heart disease,
- Chronic kidney disease,
- Chronic liver disease,
- Chronic neurological disease (neurological disorders including multiple sclerosis disease and Parkinson's motorneurone)
- Immunosuppression (whether caused by disease or treatment) and
- Diabetes mellitus,
• Patients who take medication for the treatment / cure asthma during the last three years,
• Pregnant women,
• People aged 65 years or more, and
• Children under the age of five.

E. HOW FLU Transmission PIG
Transmission can occur from person to person through secretions from the mouth and nose when coughing, sneezing and talking. transmission can also through direct contact such as hand is very contagious, the symptoms can be seen after 3 to 7 days. Risk of infection is higher when in a closed room. No evidence of swine flu spread through the consumption of infected animal meat. However, the meat must be cooked, a temperature of 70 º C will kill the virus.
Currently, WHO has raised the danger of outbreak of swine flu into a pandemic scale level 5 (6), then it's going from human to human transmission and at least 2 countries in one region (continent), meaning only 1 level again before the worst level of the threat of a global pandemic.
F. FLU COMPLICATIONS ARISING PIG
Preview swine flu did not initially terkenali because the symptoms are similar to acute pernafan tract infections and the common cold but can result in complications, mainly respiratory (otitis, sinusitis, rhinitis, pneumonia, bronchopneumonia, bronchitis), heart or even death.

G. HOW FLU PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF PIG?
1. Swine Flu Tips Avoid
New strain of swine flu virus can be deadly indeed. Moreover, new strains of viruses can spread quickly. Why, no one has natural immunity against this new virus. And it took several months to develop this virus vaccination. But at least there are some steps that can be done to prevent swine flu disease that is transmitted from person to person. Central Bureau of Disease Control and Prevention or the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) gives a few tips:
• Cover your nose and mouth with a tissue when you cough or sneeze. Then throw the tissue into the trash box.
• Frequently wash your hands with clean water and soap, especially after you cough or sneeze. Alcohol-based hand cleaners are also effective to use.
• Do not touch the mouth, nose or your mouth with your hand.
• Avoid close contact with people or the flu. Because influenza is usually spread through person to person through coughing or sneezing patients.
• If you got the flu, CDC recommends that you not come to work or school and relax at home.
2. Tips to Know Symptoms of Swine Flu in Children / Babies

Children are at high risk of death from the position of infected swine flu. The symptoms of swine flu was rather difficult to detect, but at least you can recognize the early signs if your child infected with this disease. There are some indicators that you can make reference to the emergence of symptoms of swine flu-gejalan. Here are tips to know the symptoms of swine flu in children / infants:
a. Symptoms of the flu. If your child has flu symptoms like high fever of more than 39-40 degrees Celsius accompanied by a runny nose and cough, may be a sign than swine flu.
b. The appearance of rash. The appearance of the rash that accompanies a fever. The appearance of blue color of the skin of children shows a lack of oxygen in children and for that the child needs immediate emergency care.
c. Stop Drinking. If your child no longer wants to drink fluids, do not hesitate to immediately bring them to the ER, because remember that dehydration is a major killer of children.
d. Respiratory Problems. If your child began to breathe quickly or begins to show the shortness of breath, your baby needs help immediately. The sooner you provide emergency assistance, the more likely they are separated from the bad side effects.
e. Body Feels Pain. If they behave as if they were sick and uncomfortable when you hold or hug you. This is one indicator of his body began to ache badly. Bring them immediately to the emergency room because this is an indication of swine influenza virus infection.
f. It will not wake up. Lastly, if you can not wake your child, and call an ambulance immediately. Do not hesitate in this situation. Swine flu virus is deadly and can be treated with antiviral drugs like Tamiflu, a treatment initially.
3. Antiviral Drug Use Instructions (Antivirus) for the Treatment and Prevention (chemoprophylaxis) against swine flu infection
a. Patients who received antiviral drugs (antiviral)
• patients were diagnosed definitely infected with swine flu
• patients likely infected with swine flu
• patients with suspected (suspected) infected with swine flu
• people in direct contact with patients
b. Antiviral drugs for flu
There are 4 kinds of drugs that can be used to treat infuensa virus type A (including the swine flu virus and bird flu), namely:
• amatandine and rimantadine, both including adamantine class, as well as
• zanamivir and oseltamivir, both belonged to neuramidase.
Swine influenza viruses have been resistant to amantadine and rimantadine tehadap and still sensitive tehadap zanamivir and oseltamivir so that the latter two drugs are recommended.
Zanamivir known as Relenza ® trademarks are used for the treatment of influenza types A and B in patients aged 7 years upwards and as prophylaxis of influenza type A and B in patients aged 5 years and over.
Oseltamivir is known as Tamiflu ® trademark, used for prevention and treatment of influenza types A and B in patients aged 1 year upwards.
c. Treatment process
The first step is to diagnose patients first by taking a specimen of mucus from the respiratory tract and memeriksannya by means of RT-PCR or viral culture. Rapid detection tools such as rapid antigen test and immunofluresence test can not be used as a tool to diagnose for sure because only can detect influenza type A and can not differentiate between influenza type A human with influenza type A pig.
Now we know the status of patients, the antiviral drug (oseltamivir or zanamivir) should be given immediately after the typical symptoms of swine flu. Giving antiviral drugs under 48 hours to reduce mortality and hospitalization when compared to the provision above 48 hours. The duration of treatment was given for 5 days. Giving antiviral drugs must be prescribed by an experienced physician to prevent drug resistance.
The following table antiviral drug administration:

Table 1. Use of Antiviral Drugs for the Treatment and Prevention of flu
Medicine / Preventive Medicine Age Group
Oseltamivir
Adult 2 times 75 mg capsules for 5 days, 1 times 75 mg capsules
Children (ages 12 months and above) based on body weight:
≤ 15 kg, 60 mg capsules per day divided into two doses for 5 days, 1 times 30 mg capsule daily
15-33 kg, 90 mg capsules a day divided into two doses for 5 days, 1 times 45 mg capsule daily
24-40 kg, 120 mg capsules per day divided into two doses for 5 days, 1 times 60 mg capsule daily
> 40 kg, 150 mg capsules per day divided into two doses for 5 days, 1 time a day 75 mg capsule
Zanamivir
Adult 2 times 5 mg (10 mg) per inhalation, 2 times 2 times a day 5 mg (10 mg) per inhalation, 1 time a day
Children (age 7 years and above) 2 times 5 mg (10 mg) per inhalation, 2 times a day (age 7 years and above) 2 times 5 mg (10 mg) per inhalation, 1 time a day (age 5 years above)
The use of antiviral drugs may change depending on the effectiveness of antiviral drugs, clinical symptoms, side effects of drugs and drug susceptibility.
d. What about medication and vaccine?
The U.S. government said the two drugs commonly used to treat flu, Tamiflu and Relenza, appears to be effective in dealing with cases that occurred so far. Effectiveness of flu vaccine is not yet clear which now exist in protecting mankind from this new virus, because it is genetically different from other types of flu.
U.S. scientists have developed a new vaccine, but it takes time to refine and also produced in sufficient quantities to meet demand.
e. Chemoprophylaxis (prevention) with the antiviral drug
Chemoprophylaxis given to people considered to be direct contact with patients during the infection period (1-7 days after contact). If the contact has more than 7 days, then chemoprophylaxis is not needed. The duration of chemoprophylaxis given is 10 days from exposure until the patient was diagnosed with swine flu.
f. Treatment and prevention for children aged under 12 months
Children under 12 months, including groups at high risk for flu. Antiviral drug safety data in children under 12 months is very limited and Oseltamivir is not recommended in children under 1 year. But based on the use of oseltamivir in seasonal flu showed rare severe side effects. Therefore, by reason of emergency, the use of oseltamivir in children under 1 year can still be possible (according to the FDA). Table 2. Use of Antiviral Drugs for the Treatment and Prevention in Children under 12 months:
Age Treatment for 5 days with Oseltamivir Prevention
<3 months of 2 times 12 mg daily is not recommended unless a critical situation because of limited data
3-5 months 20 mg 2 times daily 1 times 20 mg daily
6-11 months of 2 times 25 mg daily 1 times 25 mg daily
Strict monitoring should be conducted in the use of antiviral drugs are given data on the safety and dosage of medication is limited.
g. The use of antiviral drugs on pregnant women
Oseltamivir and Zanamivir including the effects of category C drugs in pregnant women and the fetus are unknown. Oseltamivir and Zanamivir is used only when there are known beneficial effects on the fetus. No side effects were reported in pregnant women who received the zanamivir and oseltamivir. Oseltamivir can be used for the treatment of swine flu in pregnant women. Zanamivir is used for prophylaxis in pregnant women because of entry into the body by inhalation so that the limited systemic absorption and more secure.
4. How to Prevent Transmission of Swine Flu
* Avoid contact with people who have a respiratory infection of swine flu.
* Do not greet or kiss the hands of patients.
* Do not share food, use of cups, plates / cutlery.
* Give the freedom of sunlight entering the room in the home, office, and other enclosed spaces (to burn the virus).
* Keep your kitchen space, bathrooms, door handles, railings / banisters, toys, telephones or the articles / magazines that used to stay clean.
* If there is a sudden fever, cough, headache, pain in muscles and joints, consult a doctor or health of the existing units.
* Warm the body and avoid sudden temperature changes (which cause the imbalance in the body so that the flu).
* Eat fruits and vegetables rich in vitamins A and C (carrot, papaya, guava, citrus kepruk, orange, lemon and pineapple).
* Frequently wash hands with soap and water.
* Avoid working in an environment contaminated with the virus tsb.
* No smoking in enclosed spaces or near the children, parents or patients.
* Go to your doctor immediately if you see / experience the symptoms.

5. What should be done by the Swine Flu Suspect Patients
* Stay home, avoid travel to employment centers, schools or places where there are many people (theater, cinema, bar, bus, metro, night clubs, parties, etc.) to prevent transmission of the virus to others.
* Cover nose and mouth when sneezing and talking and dispose of tissues in the trash
* Avoid touching your eyes, mouths and noses of others to avoid spreading the virus
* Flu can be prevented through the provision of vaccines every year, according to the type of virus circulating in the world.
* Avoid dust, smoke and other substances that can interfere with breathing and makes children more vulnerable to disease.
* Always wash hands with soap or antiseptic solution
* If after 24 hours without symptoms, you can work normally again.

Source:
• http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flu-babi accessed on 29 April at 10:29
• Source: Ministry of Health of Mexico translated by noprizal Erhan, Member of Group Circulation Of QI for Health facebook http://viramedika.blogspot.com/2009/05/cara-mengetahui-virus-flu-babi.html accessed through April 29 at 10:52
• http://tipsanda.com/2009/05/22/tips-mengenal-gejala-flu-babi-pada-anakbayi/ accessed on 29 April at 10:53
• http://www.detiknews.com/read/2009/04/27/140840/1122066/10/tips-hindari-flu-babi accessed on 29 April at 10:31
• http://www.ibujempol.com/flu-babi-swine-flu-gejala-dan-pencegahan/ accessed on May 1 at 08:36
• Source: http://www.cdc.gov/swineflu/recommendations.htm accessed via http://dokter-medis.blogspot.com/2009/05/petunjuk-penggunaan-obat-anti-viral.html on May 1 8:40 pm